Verbs express timelines in English. Whenever we talk or deliver a message, there is always a sense of time at which the action is happening.
Verbs perform this function in sentences. They allow us to think about the past, present, and future.
Human minds conceptualize time according to the forms of verbs. A study published in the "Journal of Experimental Psychology" revealed that the tense used to describe an action significantly influences how people visualize and remember that action (Madden & Zwaan, 2003).
Using verb tenses correctly is not just a matter of grammar rules; it helps us in expressions too. A misplaced tense could alter the entire meaning.
Keeping the importance of verb tenses in mind, I am going through all 12 of them.
In this article, I will define each tense with examples to understand the differences among them.
What are verb tenses?
It is the verb tenses that tell us when an action took place and how long it took. It happened in the past, happens regularly, is it still going on, or it will happen in the future? Verb tenses indicate all that.
We use different forms of verbs and sentence structures to indicate the timeline in a conversation.
This timeline allows us to discuss past events, describe current situations, and expect future happenings.
We always talk in three time frames: past, present, and future.
Then we further divide these timeframes into four tenses each: simple or indefinite, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.
Each tense serves a specific purpose. It enables speakers and writers to convey precise meanings and relationships between events across time.
Importance of verb tenses in grammar
Verb tenses are crucial for effective communication as the context is never clear without them. They play several critical roles in a sentence:
Provide timeline
Verb tenses allow us to pinpoint exactly when events occur, creating a clear timeline of actions and states.
For example:
“He went to the library”.
This sentence clearly shows that the event happened in the past.
Narrative structure
Tenses help establish the sequence of events and create a coherent narrative flow. This way, we know what happened first and what happened later on.
For example:
Person A: “Do you remember our first day at school? We were late and the Principal punished us.”
Person B: “I remember! We could not find the building and were late but the Principal didn’t listen to our story.”
Differentiate time frames (change this heading)
The minor differences between tenses can express differences in meaning, such as ongoing actions, completed events, or habitual behaviors.
For example:
Person A: "Dude, can you believe I saw [past tense] that crazy cat video yesterday? It was hilarious! The cat was chasing [past continuous] its own tail for like, five minutes straight."
Person B: "No way! Cats are weird. I have always wanted [present perfect] a cat, but my landlord says no pets."
Rules of the verb tenses
Each tense has its specific rules, but some general principles apply across the English tense system:
- Tense should be consistent: Maintain consistent tense usage throughout a sentence or paragraph for clarity. Change tense only when the time frame is changed.
- The verb should match the subject: The form of a verb must agree with the subject in person and number. Using non-related verbs not only results in grammar errors but also delivers the wrong message.
- Changes in the forms of verbs: Verbs that follow a pattern in changing their form are regular verbs while irregular verbs change forms in a unique manner that must be memorized.
- Helping verbs should match the verb: Many tenses use helping verbs to deliver a complete meaning like “be”, “have”, and “will”.
How to use 12 types of verb tenses and their examples (define each term in detail)
1. Present indefinite
We use present indefinite tense to show an action that happens regularly like a habit, a fact, or a general truth.
Verb: The base form of a verb is used for the subjects.
- Add "s" or "es" at the end of verbs for singular subjects
- Single first-person pronouns (He, She, It) also take ‘s’ and ‘es’ at the end
Sentence Structure:
Subject + base form of a verb (with or without ‘s’ or ‘es’) + object
Examples:
- He drinks coffee. (habitual)
- The sun rises from the east. (factual)
- I am a teacher. (generally true)
2. Present continuous
Actions that are going on in the present are expressed with this tense.
Verb: The base form of a verb is used with ‘ing’ at the end, called a “Gerund”
- Like ‘do’ becomes ‘doing’
- If a verb has an ‘e’ at the end, the ‘e’ is removed while adding ‘ing’. As in ‘move’, ‘face’, or ‘like’.
- Helping verbs ‘is’, ‘am’, or ‘are’ are also used before the gerund.
Sentence structure:
Subject + is, am or are + gerund + object
Examples:
- They are playing cricket in the park.
- I am currently writing an article.
- Why are you moving it?
3. Present perfect
We use the present perfect tense to indicate actions that are just finished or happened in the past but are related to the present.
Verb: The third form of a verb is used in these sentences.
- A singular subject takes ‘has’ as a helping verb.
- Plural subjects use ‘have’ before the verb.
Sentence structure:
Subject + has or have + third form of verb + object
Examples:
- I have just moved here.
- She has already eaten.
- Have you ever visited Paris?
4. Present perfect continuous
This tense shows that an action that started in the past is still going on in the present. The starting point of the action is also mentioned in the sentence.
Verb: This tense takes the first form of the verb.
- If the subject is singular, use the helping verb ‘has been’ before the verb.
- Use ‘have been’ when the subject is plural.
Sentence structure:
Subject + ‘has’ or ‘have’ + been + base form of a verb + object + ‘for’ or ‘since’ + the starting point of the action
Examples:
- I have been going to this school since childhood.
- How long have you been wearing glasses?
- They have been reading for a month.
5. Past indefinite
The past indefinite tense is used for actions that happened in the past. The action started and was completed in the past, and there is no specific time mentioned.
Verb: Use the past form of the verb (second form).
Sentence structure:
Subject + second form of a verb + object
Examples:
- He went to a library
- She learned to drive
- Did you eat breakfast?
6. Past continuous
This tense describes actions that were continuously going at a point in the past. They are done now but were happening from a specific time to a specific time in the past.
Verb: The gerund form of a verb is used in this tense.
- The helping verb ‘was’ is used with a singular subject, and ‘were’ with a plural subject
Sentence structure:
Subject + ‘was’ or ‘were’ + gerund + object
Examples:
- The phone was ringing
- They were discussing the plan
- What were you doing at 8 PM last night?
7. Past perfect
The past perfect tense describes actions that were just completed before another action or time that is also in the past.
Verb: Past participle or the third form of the verb is used with this tense.
- Use the helping verb ‘had’ in this tense with both the singular and plural subject
Sentence structure:
Subject + had + past participle + object
Examples:
- The movie had started before I arrived
- She realized she had forgotten her keys
- I had never seen a sunset before today
8. Past perfect continuous
With this verb tense, we tell that an action continued to a specific time in the past.
Verb: We use the gerund form of the verb in this tense
- The helping verb of this tense is ‘had been’ for both singular and plural subjects
Sentence structure:
Subject + ‘had been’ + gerund + object
Examples:
- We had been living in that house for ten years
- How long had you been waiting for the bus?
- They had been arguing for hours
9. Future indefinite
With future indefinite tense, we expect that an action will occur in the future.
Verb: Use the base form of the verb.
- Helping verbs of future indefinite tense is ‘will’ or ‘shall’
- First-person pronouns, ‘I’ and ‘will’, take ‘shall’ while others take ‘will’
Sentence structure:
Subject + will or shall + base form of a verb + object
Examples:
- I will go to London
- The meeting will start at 3 PM.
- Will you attend the conference next week?
10. Future continuous
Future continuous tense tells that an action will be happening at a specific point in the future.
Verb: Use the gerund form of a verb in these tenses
- The helping verb of this tense is ‘will be’ or ‘shall be’
- ‘Shall be’ is used by first-person pronouns (I and we) only
Sentence structure:
Subject + will or shall + be + gerund + object
Examples:
- I will be driving tomorrow.
- They will be renovating the office all next month.
- Will you be working late tonight?
11. Future perfect
The future perfect tense is used when we have to say that an action will be done when that time comes.
Verb: Use "will have" with the past participle of the verb (third form).
Sentence structure:
Subject + will have + past participle + object
Examples:
- I will have graduated by 2024.
- She will have finished her lunch by 3 O'clock.
- Will you have solved the problem before the deadline?
12. Future perfect continuous
This tense relates an action to a timeline in the future. It tells that an action will still be going at a point in the future. A future event is also mentioned in the sentence.
Verb: Use the helping verb ‘will have been’ with the gerund form of a verb
Sentence structure:
Subject + will have been + gerund + object
Examples:
- I will have been working for 4 years by 2025.
- You will have been running for 4 straight hours when I arrive.
- They will have been traveling for 24 hours.
Conclusion
Our world is interconnected. Clear communication across cultures and languages is important. For that, a good understanding of verb tenses becomes crucial.
A good understanding of all the verb tenses improves sentence structure and grammar which helps in professional and personal conversations.
Language is a constantly changing entity that even native speakers need to update. The key is to use all types of tenses in daily life conversations.
As you continue to apply these tenses in your language use, you'll find that they will help you in clear, precise, and engaging communication.
Other Related Articles:
Define Punctuation Marks And Their Uses With Examples
9 Types Of Pronoun with Examples
FAQs
Q1. Are all languages as complex as English when it comes to verb tenses?
No, the complexity of verb tense systems varies widely among languages. Some have more tenses than English, while others have fewer or express time differently.
Q2. Which verb tense is the most commonly used?
The present indefinite tense is generally considered the most frequently used, as it covers habitual actions, general truths, and scheduled future events.
Q3. How can I improve my use of verb tenses?
You can improve your verb tenses by practicing regularly. Start thinking in English. Try talking in English whenever possible. Do not feel bad if somebody gives feedback. Take it as a compliment and keep learning.
Q4. Is it necessary to use all 12 tenses in everyday communication?
While all 12 tenses have their uses, some (like the future perfect progressive) are less common in everyday speech. However, understanding all tenses enhances overall language proficiency.